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Fecal Occult
Blood Test
Also known as: FOBT, stool occult blood,
hemoccult, guaiac smear test, gFOBT, immunochemical FOBT,
immunoassay FOBT, iFOBT
Formal name: Fecal Occult Blood Test
The Test
How is it used?
When is it ordered?
What does the test result mean?
Is there anything else I should know?
How is it used?
The main use for the FOBT is as a screen for early colon
cancer. Blood in the stool may be the only symptom of early
cancer. If the cancer is detected before it metastasizes
(spreads to other areas), the chance that it will be curable
is increased. The FOBT is not diagnostic for cancer; other
follow-up procedures would need to be done to find the source
of the bleeding because the blood may also indicate other
gastrointestinal problems.
A secondary use of FOBT is to look for a cause of anemia,
such as might be caused by a bleeding ulcer. If you have
symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue or a low hemoglobin
and hematocrit, and/or bloody or dark stools, your doctor
may look at the FOBT.
When is it ordered?
Fecal occult blood tests are done as part of a routine examination
and are recommended annually after age 50 (by the American
Cancer Society and other major organizations) or as directed
by your doctor. Most people who have them done are asymptomatic.
They are used primarily as a screening tool for early detection
of colon cancer.
Your doctor may also order an FOBT if
s/he suspects that you have an unexplained anemia or symptoms,
such as bloody or dark, tarry stools.
What does the test result mean?
The FOBT test is normally negative. A positive indicates
either blood in the stool or an interfering substance. Multiple
samples are done to: 1) catch intermittent bleeding; and
2) help rule out false positives.
Is there anything else I should know?
False positives can occur with FOBT. Depending on the method
used, you may need to avoid:
1) substances or conditions that cause bleeding, such as
bleeding gums following a dental procedure or drugs that
may cause gastrointestinal bleeding, such as anticoagulants,
aspirin, steroids, and large doses of iron preparations;
2) other sources of hemoglobin, such as the ingestion of
red meat within three days before testing; and
3) other substances, such as fish, turnips, horseradish,
or drugs such as colchicines and oxidizing drugs (for example,
iodine and boric acid). Your doctor may have you stay off
your medications and follow dietary restrictions before
collecting the FOBT samples.
False negatives may be caused by large
doses of vitamin C and by not collecting multiple samples
(because cancers and precancerous polyps produce blood intermittently).
http://www.labtestsonline.org/
understanding/analytes/
fecal_occult_blood/test.html
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