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National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
On This Page
· About Colorectal Cancer
· Spotlight on Science
· Promoting Colorectal Cancer Screening
· Links
About Colorectal Cancer
Mortality
. Colorectal cancer, or cancer of the colon or rectum, is
the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the
United States. In 2002, the CDC found that 56,603 people
in the United States died of colorectal cancer (28,471 men
and 28,132 women), according to the U.S. Cancer Statistics:
2002 Incidence and Mortality Report, which includes incidence
data for about 93 percent of the U.S. population and mortality
data for the entire country.
Diagnosis. Colorectal cancer is also one
of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States.
In 2002, 139,534 people in the United States were diagnosed
with colorectal cancer (70,651 men and 68,883 women). Many
studies show that regular screening for the disease reduces
deaths from colorectal cancer.
Screening Reducing the number of deaths
from colorectal cancer depends on detecting and removing
precancerous colorectal polyps or growths as well as detecting
and treating the cancer in its early stages. Colorectal
cancer can be prevented by removing precancerous polyps,
which can be present in the colon for years before invasive
cancer develops.
CDC and several national scientific organizations recommend
regular screening for all adults aged 50 years or older.
Recommended screening procedures include the following four
tests:
· Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) every year
· Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
· Double-contrast barium enema every 5 years
· Colonoscopy every 10 years
For more information, please review the screening guidelines
from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and a guideline
summary from CDC.
Spotlight on Science
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 24,
2006, Volume 55, No. 11
· "Increased Use of Colorectal Cancer Tests
— United States, 2002 and 2004"
LC Seeff, MD, J King, MPH, LA Pollack, MD, KN Williams,
MA. Increases in Colorectal Cancer Test Use — United States,
2002 and 2004; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
2006, Volume 55, No. 11, pages 308-311. Available from URL:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5511a4.htm
After repeated reports of low rates of
use of colorectal cancer screening tests in the 1997, 1999,
2001, and 2002 BRFSS surveys, this new report shows that
rates of colorectal cancer test use are continuing to increase
slightly over time.
· "Notice to Readers:
National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month"
KN Williams, MA. March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness
Month; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 2006,
Volume 55, No. 11, pages 313-314. Available from URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5511a6.htm
National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
was created in 2000 to increase awareness about the importance
of regular screening to save lives and decrease the national
burden of colorectal cancer.
Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2006, Volume 3,
No. 2
· "Colorectal Cancer Test Use Among
Hispanic and Non-Hispanic U.S. Populations"
Suggested citation and link for this article: Pollack LA,
Blackman DK, Wilson KM, Seeff LC, Nadel MR. Colorectal cancer
test use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic U.S. populations.
Prev Chronic Dis [serial online] 2006 Apr [date cited].
Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0120.htm
Although colorectal cancer mortality rates
in the general U.S. population have declined slightly from
1992 to 2000, the rates for Hispanic men and women have
not. Disparity in colorectal cancer screening among Hispanics
may be an important factor in unchanged mortality trends.
This study examined rates of colorectal cancer test use
among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults in the United States.
· "Evaluation of Educational
Materials on Colorectal Cancer Screening in Appalachian
Kentucky"
Suggested citation and link for this article: Davis RE,
Armstrong DK, Dignan M, Norling GR, Redmond J. Evaluation
of educational materials on colorectal cancer screening
in Appalachian Kentucky. Prev Chronic Dis [serial online]
2006 Apr [date cited]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030.htm
Despite the availability of preventive
screening for colorectal cancer, compliance with screening
recommendations in Appalachian Kentucky is low. Although
there are various cancer education materials available,
none focus on Appalachian populations and few on low-literacy
populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the
type of information needed in written educational materials
about colorectal cancer for Appalachian populations in Kentucky.
There was consensus between the general public focus groups
and physician office staff focus groups about the ranking
of materials. All groups preferred the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention's Screen for Life: National Colorectal
Cancer Action Campaign fact sheet and brochure to the other
materials.
· "Qualitative Assessment of Local Distribution
of Screen for Life
Mass Media Materials in Appalachia"
Suggested citation and link for this article: Vanderpool
RC, Coyne CA. Qualitative assessment of local distribution
of Screen for Life mass media materials in Appalachia. Prev
Chronic Dis [serial online] 2006 Apr [date cited]. Available
from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0031.htm
Screen for Life: National
Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign is a multimedia campaign
that informs men and women aged 50 and older about the importance
of colorectal cancer screening. The Appalachia Cancer Network
undertook a qualitative research study to help determine
whether Screen for Life materials are being used and distributed
by organizations serving Appalachian residents and to help
assess key informants’ perceived acceptability of the materials.
Promoting Colorectal Cancer Screening
CDC seeks to increase public and professional awareness
of colorectal cancer and promote the prevention and early
detection of the disease through its National Colorectal
Cancer Prevention and Control Initiative. Selected components
of the initiative include:
Screen for Life. CDC raises the public's awareness about
colorectal cancer through the efforts of Screen for Life:
National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign. This national
education campaign targets adults aged 50 or older and focuses
on the importance of regular screening because "screening
saves lives."
Program Development. CDC serves the public
through the development of public health programs. For example,
CDC is funding a new colorectal cancer screening demonstration
program to increase screening among Americans aged 50 years
or older. Five program sites have been selected to participate
in a 3-year program. Each site will focus efforts on screening
low-income men and women who have inadequate or no health
insurance coverage for colorectal cancer screening.
Research. CDC supports epidemiological,
behavioral science, and surveillance research efforts to
gather and analyze data, gain knowledge, and fund prevention
and intervention research projects and investigations related
to colorectal cancer screening.
Cancer Control Plans. With support from
CDC, through its National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program
(NCCCP), states and tribes are encouraged to create cancer
control plans which integrate cancer prevention and control
activities, especially those related to colorectal cancer.
The overall objectives of these plans are to use resources
as efficiently as possible, improve community-based education
and health promotion, share expertise, and effectively target
at-risk populations. For instance, a colorectal cancer control
initiative may include these activities: to develop broad-based
coalitions, to increase awareness about the need and importance
of screening, to conduct colorectal cancer screening in
local health departments across the state, and to train
health professionals to perform flexible sigmoidoscopy,
a screening test for colorectal cancer. Additional funding
is provided to selected states to implement colorectal cancer
strategies contained within their statewide comprehensive
cancer control plans.
"A Call to Action." CDC has developed
this educational tool, called "A Call to Action,"
to raise health care providers' awareness and provide knowledge
about the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer.
National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable.
CDC works with partners like the American Cancer Society
to support the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable, a
coalition of organizations that educate medical providers
and the public about the importance of colorectal cancer
screening.
Read more information about CDC's initiatives.
Links
Additional Resources
· Presidential Proclamation
· CRC program fact sheet
· Cost-effectiveness fact sheet
· Call to Action slide set
Partners
· American Cancer Society*
· Cancer Research and Prevention Foundation*
· Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
· National Cancer Institute
· National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable*
* Links to non-Federal organizations found at this site
are provided solely as a service to our users. These links
do not constitute an endorsement of these organizations
or their programs by CDC or the Federal Government, and
none should be inferred. CDC is not responsible for the
content of the individual organization Web pages found at
these links.
Date last reviewed: 04/03/2006
Content source: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion
http://www.cdc.gov/colorectalcancer/
basic_info/awareness.htm
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