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Prevention
of Lung Cancer
§ Prevention
§ Purposes of this summary
o Overview of Prevention
§ Significance of lung cancer
§ Lung cancer prevention
o Lung Cancer Prevention
o Changes to This Summary (06/10/2003)
o Questions or Comments About This Summary
o To Learn More
o About PDQ
Overview
of Prevention
Prevention
Doctors can not always explain why one person gets cancer
and another does not. However, scientists have studied general
patterns of cancer in the population to learn what things
around us and what things we do in our lives may increase
our chance of developing cancer.
Anything that increases a person's chance of developing
a disease is called a risk factor; anything that decreases
a person's chance of developing a disease is called a protective
factor. Some of the risk factors for cancer can be avoided,
but many can not. For example, although you can choose to
quit smoking, you can not choose which genes you have inherited
from your parents. Both smoking and inheriting specific
genes could be considered risk factors for certain kinds
of cancer, but only smoking can be avoided. Prevention means
avoiding the risk factors and increasing the protective
factors that can be controlled so that the chance of developing
cancer decreases.
Although many risk factors can be avoided, it is important
to keep in mind that avoiding risk factors does not guarantee
that you will not get cancer. Also, most people with a particular
risk factor for cancer do not actually get the disease.
Some people are more sensitive than others to factors that
can cause cancer. Talk to your doctor about methods of preventing
cancer that might be effective for you.
Purposes of this summary
The purposes of this summary on lung cancer prevention are
to:
· Give information on lung cancer and how often it
occurs.
· Describe lung cancer prevention methods.
· Give current facts about which people or groups
of people would most likely be helped by following lung
cancer prevention methods.
You can talk to your doctor or health care professional
about cancer prevention methods and whether they would be
likely to help you.
Lung Cancer Prevention
The lungs are part of the respiratory system. Their function
is to supply oxygen to the blood while removing carbon dioxide.
Lung cancer may spread to the lymph nodes or other tissues
in the chest (including the other lung). In many cases,
lung cancer may also spread to other organs of the body,
such as the bones, brain, or liver.
Significance of lung cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S.
men and women.
Lung cancer prevention
Lung cancer can often be associated with known risk factors
for the disease. Many risk factors are modifiable though
not all can be avoided.
Tobacco: Studies show that smoking tobacco
products in any form is the major cause of lung cancer.
Environmental, or second-hand, tobacco smoke is also implicated
in causing lung cancer. Many products, such as nicotine
gum, nicotine sprays, or nicotine inhalers, may be helpful
to people trying to quit smoking. In addition, a number
of efforts at the community, state, and national level have
helped to reduce smoking rates.
Beta Carotene: Studies show that beta carotene
use in relatively high-intensity smokers increases the risk
of lung cancer.
Chemoprevention: Chemoprevention is the
use of specific natural or man-made drugs to reverse, suppress,
or prevent cancer growth. Chemoprevention is an area of
active clinical research. It has not yet become standard
therapy.
Other risk factors for lung cancer include asbestos and
radon exposure.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly
and updated as new information becomes available. This section
describes the latest changes made to this summary as of
the date above.
Editorial changes were made to this summary.
Questions or Comments About This Summary
If you have questions or comments about this summary, please
send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form.
We can respond only to email messages written in English.
To Learn More
Call
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National
Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free
at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday
from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Deaf and hard-of-hearing callers
with TTY equipment may call 1-800-332-8615. The call is
free and a trained Cancer Information Specialist is available
to answer your questions.
Web sites and Organizations
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on
cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations
that offer support and resources for cancer patients and
their families. There are also many other places where people
can get materials and information about cancer treatment
and services. Local hospitals may have information on local
and regional agencies that offer information about finances,
getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and
dealing with problems associated with cancer treatment.
Publications
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health
professionals, and the public. These publications discuss
types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with
cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide information
on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer
statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials on
these and other topics may be ordered online or printed
directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials
can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information
Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237), TTY
at 1-800-332-8615.
LiveHelp
The NCI's LiveHelp service, a program available on several
of the Institute's Web sites, provides Internet users with
the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist.
The service is available from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern
time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can
help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and
answer questions about cancer.
Write
For more information from the NCI, please write to this
address:
· NCI Public Inquiries Office
· Suite 3036A
· 6116 Executive Boulevard, MSC8322
· Bethesda, MD 20892-8322
About PDQ
PDQ is a comprehensive cancer database available on NCI's
Web site.
PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive
cancer information database.
Most of the information contained in PDQ is available online
at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided as a service of the NCI.
The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health, the
federal government's focal point for biomedical research.
PDQ contains cancer information summaries.
The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published
information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment,
supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Most summaries are available in two versions. The health
professional versions provide detailed information written
in technical language. The patient versions are written
in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions
provide current and accurate cancer information.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are developed by cancer
experts and reviewed regularly.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related
specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining
the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed
regularly and changes are made as new information becomes
available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified")
indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ also contains information on clinical trials.
People who are at high risk for a certain type of cancer
may want to take part in a clinical trial. A clinical trial
is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether
a certain drug or nutrient can prevent cancer. Trials are
based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory.
Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order
to find new and better ways to help cancer patients and
those who are at risk for cancer. During prevention clinical
trials, information is collected about prevention methods,
the risks involved, and how well they do or do not work.
If a clinical trial shows that a new method is better than
one currently being used, the new method may become "standard."
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ and are
available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the
trials are available in health professional and patient
versions. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical
trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call
the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237);
TTY at 1-800-332-8615.
Note: a version of this summa
http://www.acor.org/
cnet/62825.html#_15
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