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Melanoma or "black mole cancer" is the
name given to the most dangerous form of skin cancer. The
reason melanoma is so dangerous is that once it grows to
a certain thickness, it metastasizes or spreads throughout
the body. After melanoma has spread to the internal organs
there is little that can be done and death follows shortly
after. This type of cancer tends to occur in men and women
in the prime of their lives.
Sunlight is thought to be the most important
cause of melanoma. There has been an alarming increase in
the number of new cases of melanoma each year. Melanoma
is increasing in quantity more than any other cancer. This
may be a result of the depletion of the ozone layer. The
ozone is that part of the atmosphere that blocks ultraviolet
light.
Ultraviolet light (a fraction of sunlight which penetrates
clouds) is thought to be a major cause of melanoma. It is
estimated that one person in 100 in the United States will
develop melanoma during their lifetime.
Although the number of new cases (per 1,000 people) is higher
in all three counties in Delaware compared to the national
average, the highest rate is in Sussex county. This is thought
to be related to the increased occupational and recreational
sun exposure in Sussex county residents. In Delaware these
statistics are higher for both white males and females.
Melanoma occurs most frequently between the ages of 20 and
60, but can occur at any age. It is now the most common
type of cancer in women from ages 25-29.
Melanoma is seen mainly not in outdoor
workers, but in indoor professionals. This is considered
to be due to the fact that indoor workers get bursts of
sunlight on weekends and holidays. It is thought that these
short bursts of sunlight are responsible for the development
of this cancer. People who are light in skin tone, fair
hair, and who have a family member who has had a melanoma
need to be particularly careful and should have a complete
skin exam each year. A history of melanoma in the family
leads to a greater chance of developing a melanoma.
The person at greatest risk is the light-skinned, indoor
worker who gets bursts of sunlight during weekends or holidays.
Melanoma in its early stages looks like
a mole. Moles are harmless skin growths that may be flat
or protruding. They vary in color from pink flesh tones
to dark brown or black.
Everyone has moles; some of us have more than others. The
number of moles one has depends on our genes and the amount
of sun exposure during childhood. Moles sometimes appear
in "crops," especially during the early teens.
Rarely, a mole will become cancerous. If this occurs, the
cancer is called a melanoma.
To help distinguish moles from melanomas, dermatologists
have developed criteria known as the ABCD's: A stands for
asymmetry, B stands for border, C stands for color, and
D stands for diameter. If you have a mole that is asymmetrical
(when you look at the mole, the two halves do not look the
same), the border is irregular and not perfectly round,
the color is many different shades, and the diameter is
larger than 1/4 of an inch, then you should see your doctor.
Also, if you notice a mole is marching out of step with
your other moles (changing more than your other moles),
it needs to be checked by your doctor. In men, melanoma
most commonly occurs on the upper back, and in women it
is more common on the legs.
A person can avoid getting melanoma by
avoiding sunlight and wearing a sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher
while in the sun. People who work indoors should be especially
careful. If you work indoors and only get bursts of sunlight
on vacations and weekends, it is very important to wear
sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher. Melanomas are usually treated
by surgical removal.
After a melanoma is removed the cancer is examined under
a microscope by a pathologist. The pathologist will measure
the thickness of the melanoma. The earlier a melanoma is
removed, the thinner it is and the greater the chance for
a cure. The longer a melanoma stays on your body, the thicker
it gets and the greater the risk of death, even if it is
cut out.
To reduce the risk of dying from melanoma, you need preventive
medicine. Aim your efforts at risk reduction measures such
as avoiding exposure to sunlight, especially between 10
am and 2 p.m., and checking your moles once a month to see
if any are changing more than your other moles.
The skin is unique because it is one of the few organs we
can see. Close visual inspection of your skin once a month,
avoidance of sunlight, and the regular use of sunscreen
can help prevent death from melanoma.
http://www.skinsite.com/
info_melanoma.htm
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