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Prevention
The prevention of ovarian cancer is still under investigation.
One recent study has looked at the benefits of chemoprevention
with a retinoid, a chemical relative of vitamin A, to prevent
ovarian cancer. While the results from this study are preliminary,
they suggest a potential for chemoprevention in women who
are at high-risk. However, most new findings have not been
developed into practical methods of prevention.
Meanwhile, there are a number of existing strategies for
risk reduction. Some measures may be enacted by the patient,
whereas others require surgery. The following strategies
may help to reduce risk, but they do not offer guaranteed
protection against ovarian cancer.
· Oral Contraceptives
The use of oral contraceptives (OCs; birth control pills)
can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by 40% to 50%. Ovarian
cancer risk is particularly decreased after five years of
use, although the longer that oral contraceptives are used,
the greater the protective benefits. OCs may be particularly
important in women who are at high risk of this disease
and in carriers of genetic mutations; however, some experts
caution that OCs may increase breast cancer risk in women
with BRCA mutations.
· Dietary Modification and Exercise
To aid in ovarian cancer prevention, many experts recommend
that women eat low-fat, high-fiber diets and reduce their
consumption of meat and alcohol. In addition, women are
encouraged to exercise three times weekly to maintain a
body fat percentage that is within the accepted range. Adults
who are 18 years of age or older are considered at risk
if the body mass index, or BMI, is greater than 25.
· Pregnancy and Breast Feeding
Although physicians do not advocate making decisions about
child-bearing solely for the purpose of reducing ovarian
cancer risk, some pregnancy-related statistics are worth
noting. Ovarian cancer risk is 30% to 60% lower among women
who have been pregnant versus those who have not. In addition,
ovarian cancer risk is lower if the first child is born
before a woman reaches 30 years of age, and risk continues
to decrease with each successive pregnancy.
Breast feeding (which begins when estrogen and progesterone
levels drop after childbirth and ovulation is suppressed)
also appears to offer protection against ovarian cancer.
· Genetic Counseling
Genetic counseling may be advisable if a woman's family
history suggests that she may have a genetic mutation(s)
associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. In such
cases, the individual should discuss the pros and cons of
testing with her physician before undergoing genetic analysis.
A person may be comforted to learn that she does not have
a mutation, but she may be very disturbed to learn that
she does. In spite of this, many high-risk women feel that
genetic counseling helps them to make informed decisions
about prevention strategies.
· Tubal Ligation
Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which the fallopian
tubes are ligated, or "tied," to prevent pregnancy.
The risk of ovarian cancer is decreased in women who undergo
tubal ligation after childbearing, although the mechanism
for the protective effect is unknown. Some experts theorize
that tubal ligation or hysterectomy -the surgical removal
of the womb - may stop carcinogens (cancer-causing agents)
from reaching the ovaries after they enter the body through
the vagina.
· Ovary Removal
If a woman is over age 40 and hysterectomy is being performed
for a noncancerous condition, such as uterine fibroids,
she may decide to have her ovaries removed during this operation
to lower her risk of ovarian cancer. This procedure - known
as prophylactic oophorectomy - is controversial because
it causes early menopause in premenopausal women. Prophylactic
oophorectomy usually is recommended only for women who have
completed their families and have a strong family history
of ovarian cancer. Yet it should be noted that removal of
the ovaries does not ensure protection in all high-risk
patients. Cancers still may form from lining cells within
the pelvic cavity (e.g., intraperitoneal carcinomatosis),
despite the removal of normal ovaries.
Overview
Types
Risk Factors
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Other Tests
Staging
Treatment
Treatment Options - Stage 1 & 2
Treatment Options - Stage 3 & 4
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy Treatment Options
Radiation
Follow Up
Prevention
http://www.oncologychannel.com/
ovariancancer/prevention.shtml
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