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Prevention statement for Patients
Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
Overview of Prevention
Prevention
Doctors cannot always explain why one person gets cancer
and another does not. However, scientists have studied general
patterns of cancer in the population to learn what things
around us and what things we do in our lives may increase
our chance of developing cancer.
Anything that increases a person’s chance of developing
a disease is called a risk factor; anything that decreases
a person’s chance of developing a disease is called a protective
factor. Some of the risk factors for cancer can be avoided,
but many cannot. For example, although you can choose to
quit smoking, you cannot choose which genes you have inherited
from your parents. Both smoking and inheriting specific
genes could be considered risk factors for certain kinds
of cancer, but only smoking can be avoided. Prevention means
avoiding the risk factors and increasing the protective
factors that can be controlled so that the chance of developing
cancer decreases.
Although many risk factors can be avoided, it is important
to keep in mind that avoiding risk factors does not guarantee
that you will not get cancer. Also, most people with a particular
risk factor for cancer do not actually get the disease.
Some people are more sensitive than others are to factors
that can cause cancer. Talk to your doctor about methods
of preventing cancer that might be effective for you.
Purposes of this summary
The purposes of this summary on ovarian cancer prevention
are to:
· Give information on ovarian cancer and how often
it occurs.
· Describe ovarian cancer prevention methods.
· Give current facts about which people or groups
of people would most likely be helped by following ovarian
cancer prevention methods.
You can talk to your doctor or health care professional
about cancer prevention methods and whether they would be
likely to help you.
Ovarian Cancer Prevention
The ovary is a female reproductive organ located in the
pelvis. Its function is to produce female hormones and to
store eggs that, if fertilized by sperm, can develop into
a baby. Women have two ovaries, one on each side of the
uterus.
Tumors found in the ovaries may be noncancerous tissue growths
(cysts) or cancerous growths that may spread to other parts
of the body.
Significance of ovarian cancer
In the United States, more women die of ovarian cancer each
year than of cervical and endometrial cancers combined.
Survival rates have not greatly improved, and screening
has not been proven to decrease the death rate.
Ovarian cancer prevention
Ovarian cancer can sometimes be associated with known risk
factors for the disease. Many risk factors are modifiable
though not all can be avoided.
Age: The risk of developing ovarian cancer increases as
a woman gets older.
Oral Contraceptives: Studies suggest that the use of oral
contraceptives may reduce the risk of developing ovarian
cancer. The longer you use oral contraceptives the lower
your risk might be. The decrease in risk may last for a
long time after the use of oral contraceptives has ended.
Childbearing and Breast-feeding: Women who have had at least
one child are less likely to develop ovarian cancer than
women who have never had children. Studies have also shown
that women who breast-feed are less likely to develop ovarian
cancer.
Tubal Ligation or Hysterectomy: Studies have shown that
women who have undergone tubal ligation (sterilization)
or hysterectomy are at decreased risk of developing ovarian
cancer.
Family History of Ovarian Cancer: A woman whose mother or
sister has had ovarian cancer has a higher than average
risk of developing ovarian cancer.
Prophylactic Oophorectomy: Sometimes women with a very strong
family history of ovarian cancer decide to have prophylactic
oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries). However, this has
not been proven to avoid the risk of ovarian cancer; and
ovarian removal can have unwanted effects. Careful discussion
of pros and cons of this procedure is important before deciding
if it is appropriate for you.
Hormone Replacement Therapy/Hormone Therapy: Hormone replacement
therapy, also called hormone therapy, may be associated
with an increased risk of ovarian cancer in postmenopausal
women.
Fertility drug use has been associated with an increased
risk of ovarian cancer. Other risk factors that have been
suggested for ovarian cancer are the use of talcum powder
in the area between the vagina and the anus and eating a
high-fat diet. The exact relationship remains unclear.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly
and updated as new information becomes available. This section
describes the latest changes made to this summary as of
the date above.
Links to the NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms were added to
this summary.
Questions or Comments About
This Summary
If you have questions or comments about this summary, please
send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site’s Contact Form.
We can respond only to email messages written in English.
To Learn More
Call
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National
Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free
at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday
from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Deaf and hard-of-hearing callers
with TTY equipment may call 1-800-332-8615. The call is
free and a trained Cancer Information Specialist is available
to answer your questions
.
Web sites and Organizations
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on
cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations
that offer support and resources for cancer patients and
their families. There are also many other places where people
can get materials and information about cancer treatment
and services. Local hospitals may have information on local
and regional agencies that offer information about finances,
getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and
dealing with problems associated with cancer treatment.
Publications
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health
professionals, and the public. These publications discuss
types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with
cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide information
on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer
statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials on
these and other topics may be ordered online or printed
directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials
can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information
Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237), TTY
at 1-800-332-8615.
LiveHelp
The NCI's LiveHelp service, a program available on several
of the Institute's Web sites, provides Internet users with
the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist.
The service is available from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern
time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can
help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and
answer questions about cancer.
Write
For more information from the NCI, please write to this
address:
· NCI Public Inquiries Office
· Suite 3036A
· 6116 Executive Boulevard, MSC8322
· Bethesda, MD 20892-8322
About PDQ
PDQ is a comprehensive cancer database available on NCI's
Web site.
PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive
cancer information database. Most of the information contained
in PDQ is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided
as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National
Institutes of Health, the federal government's focal point
for biomedical research.
PDQ contains cancer information summaries.
The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published
information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment,
supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Most summaries are available in two versions. The health
professional versions provide detailed information written
in technical language. The patient versions are written
in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions
provide current and accurate cancer information.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are developed by cancer
experts and reviewed regularly.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related
specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining
the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed
regularly and changes are made as new information becomes
available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified")
indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ also contains information on clinical trials.
People who are at high risk for a certain type of cancer
may want to take part in a clinical trial. A clinical trial
is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether
a certain drug or nutrient can prevent cancer. Trials are
based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory.
Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order
to find new and better ways to help cancer patients and
those who are at risk for cancer. During prevention clinical
trials, information is collected about prevention methods,
the risks involved, and how well they do or do not work.
If a clinical trial shows that a new method is better than
one currently being used, the new method may become "standard."
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ and are
available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the
trials are available in health professional and patient
versions. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical
trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call
the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237);
TTY at 1-800-332-8615.
Physicians version: CDR0000062771
Date last modified: 2005-08-23
http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancer.gov/CDR0000062822.html
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