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Gastric
cancer: Prevention - Patient Information [NCI PDQ]
This information is produced and provided by the National
Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may
have changed since it was written. For the most current
information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the
Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER
Prevention of Gastric Cancer
Overview of Prevention
Prevention
Doctors can not always explain why one person gets cancer
and another does not. However, scientists have studied general
patterns of cancer in the population to learn what things
around us and what things we do in our lives may increase
our chance of developing cancer.
Anything that increases a person’s chance of developing
a disease is called a risk factor; anything that decreases
a person’s chance of developing a disease is called a protective
factor. Some of the risk factors for cancer can be avoided,
but many can not. For example, although you can choose to
quit smoking, you can not choose which genes you have inherited
from your parents. Both smoking and inheriting specific
genes could be considered risk factors for certain kinds
of cancer, but only smoking can be avoided. Prevention means
avoiding the risk factors and increasing the protective
factors that can be controlled so that the chance of developing
cancer decreases.
Although many risk factors can be avoided, it is important
to keep in mind that avoiding risk factors does not guarantee
that you will not get cancer. Also, most people with a particular
risk factor for cancer do not actually get the disease.
Some people are more sensitive than others to factors that
can cause cancer. Talk to your doctor about methods of preventing
cancer that might be effective for you.
Purposes of this summary
The purposes of this summary on gastric cancer prevention
are to:
· Give information on gastric cancer and how often
it occurs.
· Describe gastric cancer prevention methods.
· Give current facts about which people or groups
of people would most likely be helped by following gastric
cancer prevention methods.
You can talk to your doctor or health care professional
about cancer prevention methods and whether these methods
would be likely to help you.
Gastric Cancer Prevention
Gastric cancer is cancer of the stomach. The most common
type of stomach cancer is gastric adenocarcinoma, or cancer
of the glandular tissue in the stomach. Other rarer forms
of stomach cancer include lymphomas (cancer involving the
lymphatic system) and sarcomas (cancer of the connective
tissue, such as muscle, fat, or blood vessels).
Significance of gastric cancer
Over most of the century, the frequency of gastric cancer
has been decreasing. Over the past several years, the number
of new cases of gastric cancer in the United States seems
to be steady, while the number of deaths has greatly decreased.
There has continued to be a decrease in cancer arising in
the part of the stomach that is closest to the duodenum
(the first part of the small intestine). However, cancer
at the junction between the esophagus and stomach is on
the increase.
Gastric cancer prevention
Gastric cancer can sometimes be associated with known risk
factors for the disease. Many risk factors are modifiable
though not all can be avoided.
DIET AND LIFESTYLE: Excessive salt intake
has been identified as a possible risk factor for gastric
cancer. Having a high intake of fresh fruits and vegetables
may be associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer.
Studies have suggested that eating foods that contain beta-carotene
and vitamin C may decrease the risk of gastric cancer, especially
if intake of micronutrients is inadequate.
PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS: Infection with
a certain bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, is associated with
an increased risk of gastric cancer. Long-standing reflux
of gastric contents and the development of an abnormal cellular
lining is also associated with an increased risk of cancer
at the junction of the stomach and esophagus.
The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly
and updated as new information becomes available. This section
describes the latest changes made to this summary as of
the date above.
Editorial changes were made to this summary.
Questions or Comments About This Summary
If you have questions or comments about this summary, please
send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site’s Contact Form.
We can respond only to email messages written in English.
To Learn More
CALL
For more information, U.S. residents may call the National
Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free
at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday
from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Deaf and hard-of-hearing callers
with TTY equipment may call 1-800-332-8615. The call is
free and a trained Cancer Information Specialist is available
to answer your questions.
WEB SITES AND ORGANIZATIONS
The NCI Web site provides online access to information on
cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations
that offer support and resources for cancer patients and
their families. There are also many other places where people
can get materials and information about cancer treatment
and services. Local hospitals may have information on local
and regional agencies that offer information about finances,
getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and
dealing with problems associated with cancer treatment.
PUBLICATIONS
The NCI has booklets and other materials for patients,
health professionals, and the public. These publications
discuss types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping
with cancer, and clinical trials. Some publications provide
information on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention,
cancer statistics, and NCI research activities. NCI materials
on these and other topics may be ordered online or printed
directly from the NCI Publications Locator. These materials
can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information
Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237), TTY
at 1-800-332-8615.
LIVEHELP
The NCI's LiveHelp service, a program available on several
of the Institute's Web sites, provides Internet users with
the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist.
The service is available from 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern
time, Monday through Friday. Information Specialists can
help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and
answer questions about cancer.
WRITE
For more information from the NCI, please write to this
address:
NCI Public Inquiries Office
Suite 3036A
6116 Executive Boulevard, MSC8322
Bethesda, MD 20892-8322
About PDQ
PDQ IS A COMPREHENSIVE CANCER DATABASE AVAILABLE ON NCI'S
WEB SITE.
PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive
cancer information database. Most of the information contained
in PDQ is available online at NCI's Web site. PDQ is provided
as a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National
Institutes of Health, the federal government's focal point
for biomedical research.
PDQ CONTAINS CANCER INFORMATION SUMMARIES.
The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published
information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment,
supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Most summaries are available in two versions. The health
professional versions provide detailed information written
in technical language. The patient versions are written
in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions
provide current and accurate cancer information.
THE PDQ CANCER INFORMATION SUMMARIES ARE DEVELOPED
BY CANCER EXPERTS AND REVIEWED REGULARLY.
Editorial Boards made up of experts in oncology and related
specialties are responsible for writing and maintaining
the cancer information summaries. The summaries are reviewed
regularly and changes are made as new information becomes
available. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified")
indicates the time of the most recent change.
PDQ ALSO CONTAINS INFORMATION ON CLINICAL TRIALS.
People who are at high risk for a certain type of cancer
may want to take part in a clinical trial. A clinical trial
is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether
a certain drug or nutrient can prevent cancer. Trials are
based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory.
Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order
to find new and better ways to help cancer patients and
those who are at risk for cancer. During prevention clinical
trials, information is collected about prevention methods,
the risks involved, and how well they do or do not work.
If a clinical trial shows that a new method is better than
one currently being used, the new method may become "standard."
Listings of clinical trials are included in PDQ and are
available online at NCI's Web site. Descriptions of the
trials are available in health professional and patient
versions. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical
trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call
the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237);
TTY at 1-800-332-8615.
http://www.bchealthguide.org/
kbase/nci/ncicdr0000062850.htm
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