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Lung
Cancer Glossary
Adenocarcinoma - This form of non-small
cell lung cancer begins in the glandular cells that line
the lungs. Thirty-five percent of U.S. lung cancer patients
have adenocarcinoma.
Asbestos - A fine, silica dust that, when
inhaled, has the potential to cause asbestosis and mesothelioma.
Asbestos is present in some building and insulation materials.
Alveoli - Small air sacs in the lungs that
expel carbon dioxide from the bloodstream and accept oxygen
in to it.
Benign Tumor - A non-cancerous growth,
visible as a mass of cells. Benign tumors do not invade
other cells or spread to other parts of the body; however,
they should be monitored regularly or removed.
Bronchi - Tubes that branch from the trachea,
into the separate lobes of the lungs. Within the right and
left lobes of the lungs the bronchi branch further into
bronchial tubes.
Bronchoscopy - A procedure used to test
for lung disease in which a small camera is attached to
a tube that is moved down the trachea. Samples of lung secretions
or lung tissue may be taken during the bronchoscopy procedure.
Carcinogen - A cancer-causing agent. Asbestos,
radon, benzene, arsenic, and uranium are examples of carcinogens
known to cause lung cancer.
Chemotherapy - A lung cancer treatment
that damages cancerous cells, causing them to stop dividing.
Chemotherapy also affects normally dividing cells in the
body, such as those in the skin, digestive tract and blood.
For this reason, a patient may become quite sick as a result
of chemotherapy treatment.
Immunotherapy - A cancer treatment that
is still under development, immunotherapy causes a body's
immune system to react against foreign, cancerous cells.
In Situ Cancer - Cancer that is in situ
or "in its original position" has not spread to
other areas of the body. In situ cancer is less aggressive
than invasive cancer.
Large Cell Lung Cancer - Undifferentiated
large cell carcinoma produces tumors along the bronchi and
is identified by the large, round shape of the cancer cells.
Lobectomy - The lungs are divided into
separate sections or "lobes." The left lung has
two lobes and the right lung has three lobes. During a lobectomy
a surgeon will remove an entire lobe of a patient's lung.
Lung Cancer - The leading cause of cancer
death in the U.S., lung cancer is broken down into two groups:
small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Although
there is no cure, preventative measures can drastically
reduce a person's risk of developing lung cancer.
Malignant Tumor - A growth of abnormal
cells that is cancerous. Malignant tumors invade other cells
and spread to other parts of the body.
Mesothelioma - A rare form of lung cancer
caused by exposure to asbestos. Mesothelioma affects the
pleura of the lungs, often over a period of many years.
Metastasis - The spread of cancer from
one part of the body to another, or a new (secondary) cancer
growth.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer - A lung cancer
in the form of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma,
or large cell carcinoma. Non-small cell lung cancers affect
between 70 and 80 percent of lung cancer patients.
Oncologist - A doctor who has specialized
in the study of cancer. A lung cancer patient's oncologist
will diagnose his or her cancer, determine how much it has
spread, and perform (or advise on) appropriate treatment.
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) - A laser therapy
treatment for cancer patients. A chemical that stays within
cancerous cells is administered to the patient. The chemical,
when activated by a laser, kills or weakens the cells.
Pneumonectomy - The removal of an entire
lung from the body of a cancer patient. Performed if the
procedure may halt the spread of cancer.
Pulmonary Pleura - A serous (or "serum
containing") membrane that encloses the lungs. The
pulmonary pleura contains two tissue layers that are separated
by serous fluid.
Radiation Therapy - A treatment used to
target cancer in specific areas of the body. Radiation therapy
can be performed internally or externally and is usually
used in combination with chemotherapy or surgery.
Radioimmunotherapy - A treatment that combines
the effectiveness of radiation treatment with immunotherapy.
The body is given radiolabeled antibodies. These antibodies
attach to cancerous cells (thereby alerting the immune system)
and weaken them with attached radiation.
Radon
- A radioactive gas that is created when uranium
breaks down. Radon carries no scent, taste, or color and
thus may accumulate within homes and buildings unchecked.
Radon is a leading cause of lung cancer, second only to
smoking in the U.S.
Secondhand Smoke - Also referred to as
"sidestream smoke" or "environmental tobacco
smoke," secondhand smoke poses a significant risk to
those who are exposed to it. The Environmental Protection
Agency estimates that 3,000 lung cancer deaths are caused
by "passive smoking" yearly. Infants and children
are especially susceptible to secondhand smoke.
Small Cell Lung Cancer - Between twenty
and twenty-five percent of lung cancer cases are caused
by small cell carcinomas. Small call lung cancer is more
likely to spread to other parts of the body than non-small
cell lung cancer.
Smoking Cessation - A person who quits
smoking will greatly reduce his or her chance of developing
lung cancer, but the process is difficult as tobacco contains
nicotine, a highly addictive alkaloid. Many nicotine replacement
therapies are available to help smokers, as are "quit"
programs and support groups.
Sputum Cytology - The study of cells within
a person's sputum or phlegm. Sputum cytology can reveal
the presence of cancerous cells in the lungs.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma - The most common
form of lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma originates
in the bronchi and is slow to spread to other parts of the
body.
Staging - Lung cancer is staged according
to the extent to which it has spread. Non-small cell lung
cancer stages are separated into Stage 0, IA, IB, IIA, IIB,
IIIA, IIIB, and IV. Small cell lung cancer is normally staged
as either limited or extensive.
Systemic Treatment - Treatment to destroy
or weaken cancer cells that may have spread to other parts
of the body.
Trachea - The windpipe or tube that brings air from the
larynx to the bronchial tubes.
Tumor - Cells that reproduce abnormally may form masses
called tumors. A benign tumor remains in one position and
is not cancerous. A malignant tumor is cancerous and will
spread to or invade other cells.
Related Topics
• Iressa
• Taxol and Xyotax
http://www.lungcancerfyi.com/
lung_cancer_glossary.html
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