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What
is the skin?
The skin is the largest organ of the body. It covers the
internal organs and protects them from injury, serves as
a barrier between microbes, such as bacteria, and internal
organs, and prevents the loss of too much water and other
fluids. The skin regulates body temperature and helps rid
the body of excess water and salts. Certain cells in the
skin communicate with the brain and allow for temperature,
touch, and pain sensations.
What is nonmelanoma (basal or squamous cell) skin
cancer?
Most skin cancers are classified as nonmelanoma, usually
occurring in either basal cells or squamous cells. These
cells are located at the base of the outer layer of the
skin or cover the internal and external surfaces of the
body.
Most nonmelanoma skin cancers develop on sun-exposed areas
of the body, like the face, ear, neck, lips, and the backs
of the hands. Depending on the type, they can be fast or
slow growing, but they rarely spread to other parts of the
body.
What is melanoma skin cancer?
Melanoma is a cancer that begins in the melanocytes – the
cells that produce the skin coloring or pigment known as
melanin. Melanin helps protect the deeper layers of the
skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
Melanoma is almost always curable when it is detected in
its early stages. Although melanoma accounts for only a
small percentage of skin cancer, it is far more dangerous
than other skin cancers, and it causes the majority of skin
cancer deaths.
How many people are affected by skin cancer? Skin cancer
is the most common of all cancers. It accounts for nearly
half of all cancers in the United States. More than 1 million
cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer are found in this country
each year.
The American Cancer Society estimates that about 62,190
new melanomas will be diagnosed in the United States during
2006.
Who survives skin cancer?
For basal cell or squamous cell cancers, a cure is highly
likely if detected and treated early. Melanoma, even though
it can spread to other body parts quickly, is also highly
curable if detected early and treated properly. The 5-year
relative survival rate for patients with melanoma is 92%.
For localized melanoma, the 5-year survival rate is 98%;
survival rates for regional and distant stage diseases are
64% and 16% respectively. About 83% of melanomas are diagnosed
at a localized stage.
How many people will die from skin cancer? The American
Cancer Society estimates there will be about 10,710 deaths
from skin cancer in 2006 – 7,910 from melanoma and 2,800
from other skin cancers.
What are the risk factors for skin cancer? Risk factors
for nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers include:
unprotected and/or excessive exposure to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation
fair complexion
occupational exposures to coal tar, pitch, creosote, arsenic
compounds, or radium
family history
multiple or atypical moles
severe sunburns as a child
What are the signs and symptoms of skin cancer?
Skin cancer can be found early, and both doctors and patients
play important roles in finding skin cancer. If you have
any of the following symptoms, tell your doctor.
any change on the skin, especially in the size or color
of a mole or other darkly pigmented growth or spot, or a
new growth
scaliness, oozing, bleeding, or change in the appearance
of a bump or nodule the spread of pigmentation beyond its
border such as dark coloring that spreads past the edge
of a mole or mark a change in sensation, itchiness, tenderness,
or pain
Can skin cancer be prevented?
The best ways to lower the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer
are to avoid intense sunlight for long periods of time and
to practice sun safety. You can continue to exercise and
enjoy the outdoors while practicing sun safety at the same
time.
Avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
Seek shade: Look for shade, especially
in the middle of the day when the sun's rays are strongest.
Practice the shadow rule and teach it to children. If your
shadow is shorter than you, the sun’s rays are at their
strongest.
Slip on a shirt: Cover up with protective
clothing to guard as much skin as possible when you are
out in the sun. Choose comfortable clothes made of tightly
woven fabrics that you cannot see through when held up to
a light.
Slop on sunscreen: Use sunscreen with a
sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. Apply a generous
amount (about a palmful) and reapply after swimming, toweling
dry, or perspiring. Use sunscreen even on hazy or overcast
days.
Slap on a hat: Cover your head with a wide-brimmed
hat, shading your face, ears, and neck. If you choose a
baseball cap, remember to protect your ears and neck with
sunscreen.
Wear sunglasses with 99% to 100% UV absorption to provide
optimal protection for the eyes and the surrounding skin.
Follow these practices to protect your skin even on cloudy
or overcast days. UV rays travel through clouds.
Skin Cancer Facts
Most of the more than 1 million cases of nonmelanoma skin
cancer diagnosed yearly in the United States are considered
to be sun-related. Melanoma, the most serious type of skin
cancer, will account for about 62,190 cases of skin cancer
in 2006 and most (about 7,910) of the 10,710 deaths due
to skin cancer each year.
Melanoma in the United States – 2006 Estimates
New Cases 62,190
Deaths Per Year 7,910
5-Year Localized Survival Rate* 98%
5-Year Overall Survival Rate* 92%
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/
PED/content/ped_7_1_What_You_
Need_To_Know_About_Skin
_Cancer.asp? sitearea=&level=
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